關于小劑量布比卡因混合舒芬太尼腰椎麻醉在老年病人經尿道前列腺電切術中的應用
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作者:孫曉燕 王壽世 吳衛平 范曉琳 于文剛
【摘要】 目的 探討小劑量布比卡因、舒芬太尼用于老年經尿道前列腺電切術(TURP)病人腰椎麻醉的效果。方法 將50例TURP病人隨機分為A、B、C 3組,A組以3 g/L布比卡因1 mL+0.01 g/L舒芬太尼1 mL+100 g/L葡萄糖溶液1 mL進行腰椎麻醉;B組以5 g/L布比卡因1 mL+0.01 g/L舒芬太尼1 mL+100 g/L葡萄糖溶液1 mL進行腰椎麻醉;C組以3.75 g/L布比卡因2 mL+100 g/L葡萄糖溶液1 mL進行腰椎麻醉。記錄注藥前即刻(T0)及注藥后5 min(T1)、15 min(T2)、30 min (T3)時平均動脈壓(MAP)、心率(HR);記錄感覺阻滯范圍(以節段數表示)、鎮痛持續時間、運動神經阻滯完全恢復時間、麻黃素使用例數。結果 B、C組T1、T2、T3 MAP值與T0比較均明顯降低(t=8.246~21.574,P<0.01)。與B、C兩組相比,A組30 min后麻醉阻滯范圍明顯減小(F=5.24,q=3.006、4.509,P<0.05)。A、B組鎮痛時間明顯長于C組(F=27.49,q=7.598、10.031,P<0.01)。A、B兩組麻黃素使用例數明顯少于C組(P=0.004 5、0.000 1),A組運動神經恢復時間明顯少于B、C兩組(F=70.60, q=12.999、15.824,P<0.01)。結論 3 mg布比卡因混合舒芬太尼10 μg用于椎管內麻醉對TURP老年人血流動力學功能影響小,運動恢復快。 【關鍵詞】 布比卡因;舒芬太尼;麻醉,脊椎;經尿道前列腺切除術;老年人 [ABSTRACT] Objective To explore the effectiveness of combined lowdose bupivacaine with sufentanyl for spinal anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Methods Fifty patients were randomly pided into three groups: group A (n=16) received 1 mL of 3 g/L bupivacaine and 1 mL of 0.01 g/L sufentany mixed in 1 mL of 100 g/L glucose solution; group B (n=17), 1 mL of 5 g/L bupivacaine and 1 mL of 0.01 g/L sufentany in 1 mL of 100 g/L glucose solution; group C (n=17), 2 mL of 3.75 g/L bupivacaine in 1 mL of 100 g/L glucose solution. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before drug infusion (T0), 5 minutes (T1), 15 minutes (T2) and 30 minutes (T3) after drug infusion. The range of senseblocking (recorded as section number), analgesic duration, and recovery time of motor nerve function were examined. The number of patients using ephedrine during anesthesia was recorded. Results The MAPs of T1, T2 and T3 in groups B and C were significantly decreased compared with that of T0 (t=8.246-21.574,P<0.01). The senseblocking range of group A 30 min after drug infusion was significantly smaller than that of groups B and C (F=5.24;q=3.006,4.509;P<0.05)The analgesic duration in groups A and B was significantly longer than that in group C (F=27.49;q=7.598,10.031;P<0.01).The number of patients using ephedrine in groups A and group B was smaller than that in group C (P=0.004 5,0.000 1). The recovery time of motor nerve function in group A was shorter than in groups B and C (F=70.60;q=12.999,15.824;P<0.01).Conclusion Combined 3 mg bupivacaine with 10 μg sufentanyl in spinal anesthesia shows little effect on hemodynamics and with quick recovery of movement function in the aged patients undergoing TURP. [KEY WORDS] Bupivacaine; Sufentanyl; Anesthesia, spinal; Transurethral resection of prostate; Elderly 經尿道前列腺切除術(TURP)病人多為老年男性,最佳麻醉方式一直未有定論,近年來有報道采用芬太尼混合小劑量布比卡因用于腰椎麻醉。舒芬太尼是芬太尼的衍生物[1],其鎮痛效果是芬太尼的5~10倍,與芬太尼比較,舒芬太尼用于腰椎麻醉血液動力學狀態更平穩,而且能夠在脊髓節段鎮痛的同時減少下肢運動功能恢復時間[2,3]。本研究旨在觀察鞘內小劑量布比卡因混合舒芬太尼在TURP病人中的麻醉效果,并探討布比卡因最小安全劑量。現將結果報告如下。 1 資料和方法 1.1 一般資料 擇期行TURP病人50例,年齡75~85歲,體質量 45~75 kg,ASAⅡ~Ⅲ級,術前心肺功能未見明顯異常,無下肢運動功能障礙,無眩暈和嘔吐病史,無腰椎麻醉禁忌證,無心血管疾病。50例病人隨機分為A(16例)、B(17例)、C(17例) 3組。各組年齡、體質量、身高、平均動脈壓、心率差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。見表1。表1 病人一般資料比較 1.2 麻醉方法 術前半小時肌肉注射苯巴比妥鈉0.1 g,入手術室后鼻導管給氧(3 L/min),開放靜脈后以500 mL/h 流量輸液。于L3,4穿刺成功后A組以3 g/L布比卡因1 mL+0.01 g/L舒芬太尼1 mL+100 g/L葡萄糖溶液1 mL進行腰椎麻醉;B組以5 g/L布比卡因1 mL+0.01 g/L舒芬太尼1 mL+100 g/L葡萄糖溶液1 mL進行腰椎麻醉;C組以3.75 g/L布比卡因2 mL+100 g/L葡萄糖溶液1 mL進行腰椎麻醉。注藥后平臥,控制痛覺阻滯平面在T10以上,未達T10者退出本研究。 1.3 觀察指標 入手術室后連續監測生命體征,記錄注藥前即刻(T0)、注藥后5 min(T1)、15 min(T2)、30 min(T3)時平均動脈壓(MAP)、心率(HR)。記錄各時間點感覺阻滯范圍(以節段數表示)、鎮痛持續時間。感覺阻滯平面固定后測雙下肢阻滯情況和運動神經阻滯完全恢復時間(注藥畢至運動神經阻滯完全恢復的時間)。 若收縮壓低于12 kPa或平均動脈壓下降幅度低于基礎值的20%為低血壓,加快輸液流量或靜脈注射麻黃堿5~10 mg給予糾正。實驗中如有穿刺失敗而改行硬膜外麻醉或改用全身麻醉者則退出本研究。 1.4 統計學處理 采用SPSS 11.0及PPMS 1.5[4]統計軟件進行統計分析。 2 結 果 A、B、C組各有1例退出本研究。A組T1~3的MAP值與T0比較差異均無顯著性,而B組和C組T1~3的MAP值與T0比較差異均有顯著性(t=8.246~21.574,P<0.01)。見表2。各時點各組心率變化無顯著性差異(P>0.05)。見表3。 A組30 min后麻醉平面節段數明顯少于B、C兩組(F=5.24,q=3.006、4.509,P<0.05);A、B組的鎮痛時間明顯長于C組(F=27.49,q=7.598、10.031,P<0.01);A、B兩組麻黃素使用例數明顯少于C組(P=0.004 5,0.000 1);A組運動神經恢復時間明顯短于B、C兩組(F=70.60,q=12.999、15.824,P<0.01)。見表4。表2 各組MAP變化比較表3 各組HR變化比較表4 各組麻醉效果及麻黃素使用例數比較
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